航程
［德］海因里希·海涅作
英译者不详英诗中译：牛娃娃 ©H.L.Glennie
正如有时一注月光会穿透
密密叠叠的浓厚云层，
于我，恰似历尽极度阴晦后，
一个闪亮的形象奋起抗争。
端坐于甲板，我们漂弋
沿着神奇莱茵顺流而下；
在其边缘，满载夏意盎然，
夜光在平静安眠中晔华。
我沉于忧患，静卧足下
仰望一个白皙娴雅之仪，
在其平静苍白的面容上
演绎过残阳如血金熠熠。1/365/2017C2NE-66/365/2016byHGVA
©H.L.Glennie
The Voyage
by Heinrich Heine
As at times a moonbeam pierces
Through the thickest cloudy rack,
So to me, through days so dreary,
One bright image struggles back.
Seated all on deck, we floated
Down the Rhine's majestic stream;
On its borders, summer-laden,
Slept the peaceful evening-gleam.
Brooding, at the feet I laid me
Of a fair and gentle one,
On whose placid, pallid features
Played the ruddy-golden sun.
Lutes were ringing, youth were singing,
Swelled my heart with feeling strange;
Bluer grew the heaven above us,
Wider grew the spirit's range.
Fairy-like beside us flitted
Rock and ruin, wood and plain ;
And I gazed on all reflected
In my loved one's eyes again.
海因里希·海涅(1797年12月13日至1856年2月17日），德国诗人，也是马克思的远亲。诗风属于浪漫派，但也与欧洲当时鼎盛的浪漫诗派有所不同，海涅的诗通常在典型的浪漫派特点（表现在韵律、节奏和以自我情感为中心的意境方面）上夹带些讽刺和调侃的幻象，下面这首《夜梦》就是比较典型的海涅风格：
Nightly I see you in dreams – you speak,
With kindliness sincerest,
I throw myself, weeping aloud and weak
At your sweet feet, my dearest.
You look at me with wistful woe,
And shake your golden curls;
And stealing from your eyes there flow
The teardrops like to pearls.
You breathe in my ear a secret word,
A garland of cypress for token.
I wake; it is gone; the dream is blurred,
And forgotten the word that was spoken.
海涅时不时也爱调侃其他诗人惯用的意象，如我去年汉译的他的《夜莺》诗（译文连线：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4d9bcbd90102w32d.html）就是带着调侃的味道与济慈的《夜莺》唱对台戏。下边这首是调侃加揶揄：
夜梦
海因里希·海涅作
英译：哈尔·德雷珀尔
英诗中译：牛娃娃 ©H.L.Glennie
海因里希·海涅作
英译：哈尔·德雷珀尔
英诗中译：牛娃娃 ©H.L.Glennie
夜里我在梦中见到你 －
你说话，
带着慈爱的挚诚，
我大声抽泣不能自持，我倒下
于你甜蜜的玉足，我至爱的至亲。2/365/2017C2NE-4/365/2017byHGVA
带着慈爱的挚诚，
我大声抽泣不能自持，我倒下
于你甜蜜的玉足，我至爱的至亲。2/365/2017C2NE-4/365/2017byHGVA
©H.L.Glennie
Nightly Dreams
Nightly Dreams
by Heinrich
Heine
Translated
into English by Hal Draper
Nightly I see you in dreams – you speak,
With kindliness sincerest,
I throw myself, weeping aloud and weak
At your sweet feet, my dearest.
You look at me with wistful woe,
And shake your golden curls;
And stealing from your eyes there flow
The teardrops like to pearls.
You breathe in my ear a secret word,
A garland of cypress for token.
I wake; it is gone; the dream is blurred,
And forgotten the word that was spoken.
海涅时不时也爱调侃其他诗人惯用的意象，如我去年汉译的他的《夜莺》诗（译文连线：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4d9bcbd90102w32d.html）就是带着调侃的味道与济慈的《夜莺》唱对台戏。下边这首是调侃加揶揄：
一位主妇站立海边
长嘘短叹焦虑不尽。
她如此深受困扰
只因太阳西沉。
我的女主！，快宽心愉悦，
这是一出古老的戏；
太阳在你面前落山
然后从你身后回返。
长嘘短叹焦虑不尽。
她如此深受困扰
只因太阳西沉。
我的女主！，快宽心愉悦，
这是一出古老的戏；
太阳在你面前落山
然后从你身后回返。
A mistress stood
by the sea
sighing long and anxiously.
She was so deeply stirred
By the setting sun
My Fräulein!, be gay,
This is an old play;
ahead of you it sets
And from behind it returns.
sighing long and anxiously.
She was so deeply stirred
By the setting sun
My Fräulein!, be gay,
This is an old play;
ahead of you it sets
And from behind it returns.
海涅出身于一个犹太家庭，他成长的年代也是反犹浪潮日趋强烈的年代。他后来皈依基督教新教，他此举并非心甘情愿，而是为了生存，他曾说：“这是进入欧洲文化的入场券。”
他性格叛逆，对现状常表不满，因而常遭迫害和查禁，为此他必须离开祖国，其流亡生涯贯穿一生，他生后被葬于巴黎蒙马特公墓。他反对专制，也反对德国当时狭隘的国家主义，但这些并不减弱他对祖国的热爱：
“在德国意识的顶峰上种植黑色、红色与金色的横幅，使之成为自由人类的标准，我愿为它抛洒我内心最尊爱的鲜血。放心吧，我对祖国的爱绝不亚于你们。”©H.L.Glennie
（Plant the black, red, gold banner at the summit of the German idea, make it the standard of free mankind, and I will shed my dear heart's blood for it. Rest assured, I love the Fatherland just as much as you do.）
与此同时，海涅对祖国也不乏失望，可谓爱之深痛之切：
它以德语吻我以德语对我说
（你简直无法相信
多么悦耳动听）那词语：“我爱你！”
那是一个梦。
“在德国意识的顶峰上种植黑色、红色与金色的横幅，使之成为自由人类的标准，我愿为它抛洒我内心最尊爱的鲜血。放心吧，我对祖国的爱绝不亚于你们。”©H.L.Glennie
（Plant the black, red, gold banner at the summit of the German idea, make it the standard of free mankind, and I will shed my dear heart's blood for it. Rest assured, I love the Fatherland just as much as you do.）
与此同时，海涅对祖国也不乏失望，可谓爱之深痛之切：
我曾经有一个美丽的祖国。
橡树
高大茁壮，紫罗兰柔柔点头称道。
那是一个梦。
橡树
高大茁壮，紫罗兰柔柔点头称道。
那是一个梦。
它以德语吻我以德语对我说
（你简直无法相信
多么悦耳动听）那词语：“我爱你！”
那是一个梦。
I had once a
beautiful fatherland.
The oak tree
Grew so high there, violets nodded softly.
It was a dream.
I had once a beautiful fatherland.
The oak tree
Grew so high there, violets nodded softly.
It was a dream.
It kissed me in German and spoke in German
(You would hardly believe
How good it sounded) the words: "I love you!"
It was a dream.
The oak tree
Grew so high there, violets nodded softly.
It was a dream.
I had once a beautiful fatherland.
The oak tree
Grew so high there, violets nodded softly.
It was a dream.
It kissed me in German and spoke in German
(You would hardly believe
How good it sounded) the words: "I love you!"
It was a dream.
他的很多作品都被他身前的当局和身后的纳粹烧毁。为此他曾在自己创作的剧本中用剧中一个角色－－一个穆斯林的嘴巴说出了他自己想要说的话：
“这仅是一个序曲；他们始于焚书，必将终于焚人。”
（That was
but a prelude; where they have burned books, they will end in
burning human beings.）
海涅思想偏左，与马克思较为投契，但对马克思主义意识形态却有保留，觉得其激进性和唯物性会摧毁他所热爱的欧洲文化。他写的下面这段充分显现了他的矛盾心理：
海涅对文学的贡献在于其诗歌与音乐的交融性，他的诗是最受作曲家们欢迎的，为他诗谱成艺术歌曲或编曲的音乐家有罗伯特·舒曼、门德尔松、勃拉姆斯、沃尔夫、里查·斯特劳斯、柴可夫斯基、克拉拉·舒曼、和理查德·瓦格纳。他的诗不仅为同代人所爱，20世纪的音乐家也热衷于为其诗谱曲，如麦特纳、汉泽、奥尔夫、贝尔纳斯爵士、林克、布劳恩、泰贝尔格、勃姆菲尔德等，或许他是作品最多被谱成曲的诗人。©H.L.Glennie
诗里诗外，海涅都著作甚丰，其中不乏常为人引摘的短语，他的语词中还有很多对未来德国的预测和判断，结合德国在他身后发生的事，深感海涅的“先知”本领，摘译几段，有些甚至与当代和今后都有相关。
“别笑我的忠告－－一个梦者告诫你们反对康德信众，费希特信众，还有自然哲学家。不要笑先验创意家，他既预测了有相领域中的革命也看到了无相精神领域的变革。思想先于行动如同闪电先于雷鸣。德国雷霆会含有真正的德国性格；它并非十分灵巧，而是沉重地咆哮轰鸣。它定将来临，当你听到世界史上前所未闻的坠毁之声时，你就会知道德国霹雳剑最终落下。在那轰鸣声里天空之鹰将坠死，遥远非洲沙漠中的狮群会躲进它们的王宫避难。在德国将上演一场大戏，相形之下，令法国大革命看上去会似一曲小巫见大巫的天真牧歌。”©H.L.Glennie
“Do not smile at my advice -- the advice of a dreamer who warns you against Kantians, Fichteans, and philosophers of nature. Do not smile at the visionary who anticipates the same revolution in the realm of the visible as has taken place in the spiritual. Thought precedes action as lightning precedes thunder. German thunder is of true Germanic character; it is not very nimble, but rumbles along ponderously. Yet, it will come and when you hear a crashing such as never before has been heard in the world's history, then you know that the German thunderbolt has fallen at last. At that uproar the eagles of the air will drop dead, and lions in the remotest deserts of Africa will hide in their royal dens. A play will be performed in Germany which will make the French Revolution look like an innocent idyll.”
诗里诗外，海涅都著作甚丰，其中不乏常为人引摘的短语，他的语词中还有很多对未来德国的预测和判断，结合德国在他身后发生的事，深感海涅的“先知”本领，摘译几段，有些甚至与当代和今后都有相关。
“别笑我的忠告－－一个梦者告诫你们反对康德信众，费希特信众，还有自然哲学家。不要笑先验创意家，他既预测了有相领域中的革命也看到了无相精神领域的变革。思想先于行动如同闪电先于雷鸣。德国雷霆会含有真正的德国性格；它并非十分灵巧，而是沉重地咆哮轰鸣。它定将来临，当你听到世界史上前所未闻的坠毁之声时，你就会知道德国霹雳剑最终落下。在那轰鸣声里天空之鹰将坠死，遥远非洲沙漠中的狮群会躲进它们的王宫避难。在德国将上演一场大戏，相形之下，令法国大革命看上去会似一曲小巫见大巫的天真牧歌。”©H.L.Glennie
“Do not smile at my advice -- the advice of a dreamer who warns you against Kantians, Fichteans, and philosophers of nature. Do not smile at the visionary who anticipates the same revolution in the realm of the visible as has taken place in the spiritual. Thought precedes action as lightning precedes thunder. German thunder is of true Germanic character; it is not very nimble, but rumbles along ponderously. Yet, it will come and when you hear a crashing such as never before has been heard in the world's history, then you know that the German thunderbolt has fallen at last. At that uproar the eagles of the air will drop dead, and lions in the remotest deserts of Africa will hide in their royal dens. A play will be performed in Germany which will make the French Revolution look like an innocent idyll.”
他的另外一些短语则充分体现出诗人的敏锐、睿智和幽默。
本文所有图片均来自网摘，诚谢作者！音乐为墨西哥钢琴诗人所作钢琴曲《精灵的童话》。
我汉译的其他德奥语系诗歌：
特拉克尔诗四首：三个梦、格罗代克两版
英诗中译及双语朗诵：维也纳森林的故事译颂里尔克长诗《奥菲欧，尤丽迪淇，赫尔墨斯》
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